eyeὀφθαλμός
ophthalmos · Greek Noun
The organ of physical sight, frequently used in biblical imagery to represent spiritual perception, desire, or the legal principle of proportional retribution (lex talionis).
toothὀδούς
odous · Greek Noun
A part of the body used in legal contexts within the Old Testament law to illustrate the principle of equivalent justice and fair compensation for injuries.
resistἀνθίστημι
anthistēmi · Greek Verb
To set oneself against, withstand, or oppose. In a legal or personal sense, it refers to standing against an adversary or taking up a defensive position.
slapsῥαπίζω
rhapizō · Greek Verb
To strike with the palm of the hand. Culturally, this was often an act of personal insult, social shaming, or contempt rather than an attempt to cause severe physical injury.
cheekσιαγών
siagōn · Greek Noun
Part of the face; being struck on the cheek in the ancient world was a profound symbol of public humiliation and the loss of personal honor.
sueκρίνω
krinō · Greek Verb (Passive in context)
To go to law, bring a legal action, or seek a judicial decision. It involves the process of reaching a verdict or settling a dispute through an authority figure.
tunicχιτών
chitōn · Greek Noun
An inner garment worn next to the skin, similar to a shirt or tunic. It was a basic component of daily attire in the ancient Near East.
cloakἱμάτιον
himation · Greek Noun
The outer garment or robe, which served as protection from the elements and a blanket at night. Mosaic law protected the cloak as an essential possession that could not be kept as a pledge overnight.
forcesἀγγαρεύσει
aggareuō · Greek Verb
To press into service or compel by legal or military authority. In the biblical world, this often referred to the right of Roman soldiers to conscript civilians for labor.
mileμίλιον
milion · Greek Noun
A Roman measure of distance equal to one thousand paces (approx. 4,854 feet). It represents the legal limit a person could be forced to carry a soldier's gear.
begsαἰτοῦντι
aiteō · Greek Verb
To ask for something, usually out of need or dependency. It is used both for those asking for charity and for believers presenting requests to God in prayer.
refuseἀποστραφῇς
apostrephō · Greek Verb
To turn away or reject a request. Biblically, it often carries the connotation of turning one's back on a person in need or turning away from divine truth.
borrowδανίσασθαι
daneizō · Greek Verb
To receive something on loan with the intent to return it. Biblical law provides specific guidelines for lending and borrowing, emphasizing mercy and the prohibition of usury among brothers.
loveἀγαπᾶτε
agapaō · Greek Verb
To seek the well-being and highest good of another through a choice of the will. It is the primary characteristic of God's relationship with humanity and the greatest commandment for believers.
neighborπλησίον
plēsion · Greek Noun
One who is near or a fellow human being. While traditionally limited to one's own people, Jesus expanded the definition to include anyone in need, even enemies.
hateμισήσεις
miseō · Greek Verb
To regard with strong dislike or to love significantly less by comparison. In a biblical context, it can describe active hostility or the secondary status of one's affections compared to God.
enemyἐχθρόν
echthros · Greek Noun
An adversary or opponent who is hostile. The term describes those who oppose God’s people as well as the spiritual state of humanity before reconciliation with God.
prayπροσεύχεσθε
proseuchomai · Greek Verb
To communicate with God through petition, thanksgiving, and intercession. It is the vital link between the believer and the Father, acknowledging human dependence on divine grace.
persecuteδιωκόντων
diōkō · Greek Verb
To harass, oppress, or pursue with intent to harm, especially due to religious beliefs. The Bible often views persecution as a common experience for those living righteously in a fallen world.
sonsυἱοὶ
huios · Greek Noun
Offspring who bear the likeness and carry the authority of their father. Spiritually, it refers to those who are adopted by God and reflect His character through their conduct.
FatherΠατρός
patēr · Greek Noun
The source of life and the head of the family. As applied to God, it emphasizes His role as Creator, Sustainer, and the compassionate provider for His children.
heavenοὐρανοῖς
ouranos · Greek Noun
The dwelling place of God and the seat of His cosmic authority. It represents the realm of perfect holiness and the ultimate destination of the redeemed.
evilπονηροὺς
ponēros · Greek Adjective
Morally bad, corrupt, or harmful. It refers to thoughts and actions that are contrary to God’s nature and destructive to His creation.
goodἀγαθούς
agathos · Greek Adjective
Intrinsically excellent, beneficial, and morally right. It reflects the nature of God, who is the source of all goodness and whose works are perfect.
justδικαίους
dikaios · Greek Adjective
Righteous or upright in conduct and character. It describes those who live in accordance with God’s law and are declared righteous through faith.
unjustἀδίκους
adikos · Greek Adjective
Unrighteous or wicked, characterized by a lack of integrity or failure to adhere to God's standards. It describes those whose lives are marked by sin and disobedience.
loveἀγαπάω
agapaō · Greek Verb
To have a self-sacrificial, volitional love that seeks the highest good of another, modeled after God's love for humanity.
rewardμισθός
misthos · Greek Noun
Recompense or wages, often used in Scripture to refer to the eternal or spiritual compensation God grants for faithful service and obedience.
tax collectorsτελώνης
telōnēs · Greek Noun
Individuals hired by the Roman government to collect taxes, often despised by fellow Jews for their perceived collaboration with Rome and frequent dishonesty.
greetἀσπάζομαι
aspazomai · Greek Verb
To salute, welcome, or pay respects to someone; in a biblical context, it often implies showing kindness, fellowship, or acknowledging one's dignity.
brothersbrothers
adelphos · Greek Noun
Literally male siblings, but frequently used in the New Testament to denote fellow believers or members of the same spiritual family or community.
Gentilesἐθνικός
ethnikos · Greek Noun
People from non-Jewish nations; in a biblical context, often referring to those outside the covenant relationship with God who do not follow His laws.
perfectτέλειος
teleios · Greek Adjective
Reaching its end, finished, or complete; biblically, it refers to spiritual maturity or moral wholeness, reflecting God's own character.
heavenlyοὐράνιος
ouranios · Greek Adjective
Pertaining to or belonging to heaven; used to describe the divine nature, origin, or dwelling place of God.
Fatherπατήρ
patēr · Greek Noun
A male parent; theologically, it signifies God’s role as Creator and the intimate, authoritative relationship He shares with His children.
