cup of the wine of wrathכּוֹס / חֵמָה
kos / chemah · Hebrew Noun
A common biblical metaphor representing the judgment, anger, or holy indignation of God against sin. It signifies the inescapable experience of God's righteous reaction to evil.
cupכּוֹס
kos · Hebrew Noun
A physical tool for liquid, but biblically used as a frequent metaphor for a portion of divine experience, often representing divine wrath, judgment, or suffering poured out upon individuals or nations.
swordחֶרֶב
chereb · Hebrew Noun
A weapon of war, but frequently utilized in Scripture as a symbol of divine judgment, warfare, and the execution of God's justice against rebellion and sin.
desolationשַׁמָּה
shammah · Hebrew Noun
A state of being destroyed, uninhabited, and reduced to ruins, reflecting the consequences of divine judgment upon those who reject God's covenant.
curseקְלָלָה
qelalah · Hebrew Noun
A term signifying being under a divine ban or judgment, often implying a state of utter ruin that provokes scorn or mocking from others.
hissingשְׁרֵקָה
shereqah · Hebrew Noun
A sound made by drawing in air through the teeth, used in the Bible as a common expression of mockery, derision, or astonishment at someone’s miserable downfall.
wasteמְשַׁמָּה
mesammah · Hebrew Noun
An empty or unproductive place; in a theological context, it refers to the state of nations or places where the glory and presence of God have been removed due to judgment.
remnantשְׁאֵרִית
she'erith · Hebrew Noun
Those who remain or are left over; biblically, it often refers to a small, surviving portion of a people after a greater catastrophe or judgment has occurred.
kingsמֶלֶךְ
melek · Hebrew Noun
In the Old Testament, these terms frequently refer to specific nations neighboring Israel that often stood in opposition to God’s covenant people or were subject to His sovereign judgment. They represent the nations of the world that fall under the universal rule of Yahweh.
cut the corners of their hairקָצָה
qatsah pē'ah · Hebrew Verb/Adjective phrase
A term referring to the cut of hair or beard in a specific manner, which in a biblical context often signifies pagan religious practices or mourning rituals forbidden to the Israelites (Leviticus 19:27). It identifies these groups as outside the covenant standards of holiness.
mixed tribesעֵרֶב
ereb · Hebrew Noun
A reference to people living in the wilderness or borderlands; historically, these were semi-nomadic groups that existed on the fringes of settled empires, highlighting the comprehensive reach of God's judgment across all geopolitical boundaries.
desertמִדְבָּר
midbar · Hebrew Noun
A geographical region associated with arid, uninhabited, or remote areas. In prophetic literature, it emphasizes that no location, however remote or desolate, is hidden from the divine presence or the execution of God's sovereignty.
kingsמֶלֶךְ
melek · Hebrew Noun
The sovereign ruler of a nation or state, often used in scripture to represent both human authority and the ultimate authority of God over nations.
LORDיְהוָה
YHWH · Hebrew Noun
The covenant name of the one true God, revealing His self-existence, eternal nature, and personal faithfulness to His people.
hostsצָבָא
saba' · Hebrew Noun
A title indicating God's absolute authority over all created powers, celestial armies, and the entirety of the universe.
cupכּוֹס
kos · Hebrew Noun
A figurative object representing a portion of divine wrath, judgment, or suffering that must be experienced by those upon whom it is poured.
swordחֶרֶב
hereb · Hebrew Noun
An instrument of divine judgment, warfare, and justice used by God to execute punishment upon the wicked or rebellious.
unpunishedנָקָה
naqah · Hebrew Verb
A condition of moral and legal guilt that necessitates divine retribution, which God brings about to satisfy His perfect justice.
prophesyנָבָא
naba' · Hebrew Verb
The divine communication of God’s message to humanity, typically warning of judgment or calling for repentance, delivered through an authorized spokesperson.
roarשָׁאַג
sha'ag · Hebrew Verb
A metaphor for God's powerful, authoritative voice of judgment, often compared to a predator asserting its territory or claiming its prey.
habitationמָעוֹן
ma'on · Hebrew Noun
The heavenly dwelling place of God, signifying His supreme purity, presence, and separation from the corruption of the world.
foldנָוֶה
naweh · Hebrew Noun
A term used to describe God’s people or His covenant community, often emphasizing His role as their Shepherd and Protector.
clamorשָׁאוֹן
sha'own · Hebrew Noun
A term referring to a noisy, tumultuous sound, often associated with destruction, divine judgment, or the chaotic state of human rebellion against God.
LORDיְהוָה
Yahweh · Hebrew Proper Noun
The personal covenant name of God (YHWH), revealing Him as the self-existent, faithful, and redeeming God of Israel.
indictmentרִיב
rib · Hebrew Noun
A formal legal charge or dispute brought by God against those who have violated His covenant or standard of righteousness.
judgmentמִשְׁפָּט
mishpat · Hebrew Noun
The act of God weighing human actions against His holiness, resulting in a righteous verdict and the administration of consequences.
fleshבָּשָׂר
basar · Hebrew Noun
A term representing all of humanity, often highlighting the frailty and mortality of people, or their collective state of sinfulness in contrast to God.
wickedרָשָׁע
rasha' · Hebrew Adjective/Noun
Those who consciously reject God's law and live in opposition to His revealed will and character.
LORD of hostsצְבָאוֹת
Tseba'oth · Hebrew Noun
A divine title emphasizing God as the Commander of the armies of heaven, highlighting His absolute sovereignty and power over all created realms.
disasterרָעָה
ra'ah · Hebrew Noun
A reference to severe calamity or adversity, often viewed as a divine instrument of discipline or judgment to turn hearts back to God.
tempestסוּפָה
suphah · Hebrew Noun
A metaphorical description of God’s sudden and overwhelming judgment, often compared to natural forces that man cannot control or withstand.
piercedחָלָל
chalal · Hebrew Adjective/Noun
In a biblical context, those who are killed by the direct agency or sovereign permission of God as a consequence of their rejection of Him.
shepherdsרֹעֶה
ro'eh · Hebrew Noun
The leaders, rulers, or kings of a people, metaphorically described as those tasked with the care, protection, and spiritual direction of their "flock" (people).
dispersionתְּפוּצָה
tephutsah · Hebrew Noun
The act of being scattered or driven away, often as a result of divine judgment for national or spiritual failure.
refugeמָנוֹס
manos · Hebrew Noun
A place of safety or deliverance from danger; in a theological sense, the only true refuge is God Himself, whereas human attempts at security often fail under divine judgment.
shepherdsרֹעֶה
ro'eh · Hebrew Noun
Refers to leaders or rulers, often used in a metaphorical sense to describe those entrusted with the care and guidance of God's people or nations. When they fail in their duties, they are subject to divine judgment.
lordsאַדִּיר
addir · Hebrew Noun/Adjective
A term used for leaders, rulers, or distinguished individuals who hold authority over others. In this context, it emphasizes the high social status of those who will experience the devastation of judgment.
LORDיְהוָה
YHWH · Hebrew Proper Noun
The covenant name for God, revealing His self-existence, faithfulness, and holiness. It is the name through which He enters into personal relationship with His people and acts as Judge and Redeemer.
fierce angerחֲרוֹן אַף
charon aph · Hebrew Noun phrase
Describes an intense, burning fury or wrath directed against sin and rebellion. It reflects God’s holiness responding to injustice, necessitating judgment to purify or punish the land.
lairסַכָּה
sukkah · Hebrew Noun
Refers to the place of God's dwelling or presence. Symbolically, a lion leaving his lair signifies God withdrawing His protection or actively emerging to execute judgment upon a rebellious people.
swordחֶרֶב
chereb · Hebrew Noun
An instrument of war used in God’s judgment, often representing the military might of foreign nations permitted by God to punish those who have turned away from Him.
oppressorיוֹנָה
yonah · Hebrew Noun/Adjective
Refers to one who exercises cruel or unjust power over others. In a biblical context, it often describes an enemy nation or ruler that acts as a scourge to bring discipline upon a sinful people.
