LORDיְהוָה
YHWH · Hebrew Proper Noun
The personal, covenantal name of God revealed to Moses; it signifies His self-existence, eternal nature, and faithfulness to His people. It is the name by which God identifies Himself as the redeemer of Israel.
Godאֱלֹהִים
Elohim · Hebrew Proper Noun
In the Hebrew Bible, this term (Elohim) denotes the one true God, emphasizing His power, majesty, and creative authority. It is used to establish His sovereignty over the Israelites.
slaveryעֶבֶד
ebed · Hebrew Noun
The term denotes a physical or mental state of bondage or servitude, often used metaphorically for captivity to sin. In this context, it refers to the historical oppression of Israel in Egypt.
godsאֱלֹהִים
elohim · Hebrew Noun
A reference to any deity, power, or object of worship that competes with the exclusive devotion owed to the true God. The command prohibits acknowledging or elevating any other entity to the status of a god.
carved imageפֶּסֶל
pesel · Hebrew Noun
An idol or physical representation intended to represent God or a divine being. The prohibition prevents the attempt to contain, manipulate, or localize the presence of the infinite God through created materials.
jealousקַנָּא
qanna · Hebrew Adjective
A state of emotional intensity regarding a covenantal relationship; when applied to God, it signifies His righteous zeal for His own honor and His demand for exclusive loyalty from His people. It is an expression of His protective, holy love.
iniquityעָוֹן
avon · Hebrew Noun
A moral wrong, perversity, or guilt resulting from conscious violation of God's law. It carries the weight of both the act and the resulting consequence or punishment that requires divine justice.
bow downשָׁחָה
shachah · Hebrew Verb
To bow down in a physical act of submission or worship; it implies total surrender, humility, and recognition of the authority and deity of the one being worshipped.
serveעָבַד
abad · Hebrew Verb
To labor, work, or perform acts of religious devotion. In a theological sense, it describes the totality of service and allegiance offered to God (or an idol) as one's master.
steadfast loveחֶסֶד
chesed · Hebrew Noun
A covenant-keeping, faithful, and loyal love, often associated with God’s commitment to His people, implying reliability and grace.
commandmentsמִצְוָה
mitsvah · Hebrew Noun
A divine charge or instruction given by God to His people to guide their behavior and reflect His holiness, rooted in His authority as Creator and Redeemer.
LORDיְהוָה
YHWH · Hebrew Noun
The proper name of the God of Israel, YHWH, revealing His self-existence, eternity, and covenant relationship with His people.
in vainשָׁוְא
shav' · Hebrew Adjective/Noun
Empty, worthless, or deceitful; in a religious context, it refers to using God’s name in a way that lacks reverence, sincerity, or purpose, essentially stripping it of its holiness.
hold guiltlessנָקָה
naqah · Hebrew Verb
To cause to be clear of guilt or punishment; the refusal of God to excuse or leave unpunished those who violate His commands.
Rememberזָכַר
zakar · Hebrew Verb
To call to mind, keep in awareness, or take action based on remembrance; it implies not just passive thought but active obedience or observance.
Sabbathשַׁבָּת
shabbat · Hebrew Noun
The seventh day of the week, set apart by God for rest and worship, commemorating His completion of creation and His deliverance of His people.
holyקָדַשׁ
qadash · Hebrew Adjective
Dedicated to God; set apart for a specific, sacred purpose; manifesting the character of God, who is inherently separate from the common or profane.
workמְלָאכָה
melakah · Hebrew Noun
Physical or mental effort, occupation, or task, particularly regarding one's profession or regular activities; used here to contrast with the required rest of the Sabbath.
sojournerגֵּר
ger · Hebrew Noun
One who resides in a land not their own; a temporary resident or immigrant who lives among the Israelites and is expected to follow the community’s covenant laws.
the LORDיְהוָה
YHWH · Hebrew Proper Noun
The personal, covenant name of God in the Old Testament, revealing His self-existence, faithfulness, and relationship with His people.
Sabbathשַׁבָּת
shabbath · Hebrew Noun
A period of rest and cessation from regular labor, instituted by God at creation and commanded in the Law, intended for reflection, worship, and physical/spiritual restoration.
made it holyקָדַשׁ
qadash · Hebrew Verb
To set apart for a specific divine purpose, to consecrate, or to make clean and sacred. God makes something holy by His presence or by divine decree.
Honorכָּבַד
kabad · Hebrew Verb
To treat with high respect, reverence, or weightiness. In the context of parents, it implies obedience, provision, and high regard for their God-ordained authority.
landאֶרֶץ
erets · Hebrew Noun
The territory promised by God to Abraham and his descendants, serving as a sign of God's covenantal faithfulness, provision, and the place where His people live under His rule.
murderרָצַח
ratsach · Hebrew Verb
The unlawful, intentional taking of human life. Since humanity is created in the image of God, this act is a violation of the sanctity of life.
commit adulteryנָאַף
na'aph · Hebrew Verb
Sexual relations between a married person and someone other than their spouse; it is a violation of the covenant of marriage established by God.
stealגָּנַב
ganab · Hebrew Verb
The act of taking another person's property without permission or legal right; it violates the principle of stewardship and respect for one's neighbor's livelihood.
false witnessשָׁוְא עֵד
sha-w' ed · Hebrew Noun phrase
To testify falsely or deceitfully; it encompasses perjury, lying, slander, and gossip that damages another's reputation or causes injustice.
neighborרֵעַ
re'a · Hebrew Noun
An individual who lives in close proximity, representing anyone whom one has an opportunity to help or harm; in a covenantal context, it refers to a fellow member of the community of God's people.
covetחָמַד
chamad · Hebrew Verb
A deep, unchecked, and sinful desire for what belongs to another; it is an internal heart attitude that disregards God's provision and leads to further moral failure.
