Psalms 83:5-7
For they conspire with one accord; against you they make a covenant— the tents of Edom and the Ishmaelites, Moab and the Hagrites, Gebal and Ammon and Amalek, Philistia with the inhabitants of Tyre;
English Standard Version (ESV)
Psalms 83:5-7
For they conspire with one accord; against you they make a covenant— the tents of Edom and the Ishmaelites, Moab and the Hagrites, Gebal and Ammon and Amalek, Philistia with the inhabitants of Tyre;
English Standard Version (ESV)
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This isn't just a political alliance; they "cut a covenant" together, a deeply religious act in ancient times. By performing this ritual, they were binding themselves with a sacred, solemn oath, essentially invoking divine power to ensure their pact against God and His people would succeed.
In this psalm, a desperate plea is made to God as a coalition of nations plots against His people. The verse highlights the intense unity and solemn pact formed by these enemies, who have entered into a deliberate covenant with the explicit purpose of opposing God and His chosen ones. This solemn agreement, sealed with ancient rituals, sets the stage for a prayer that contrasts the formidable earthly alliance with the ultimate power of the Almighty.
What happens when seemingly unrelated groups unite with a single, destructive purpose? This verse reveals a chilling unity born not of love, but of shared hatred.
The verse describes a powerful, unified front: 'they conspire with one accord; against you they make a covenant—'. The Hebrew word for 'one accord' or 'one consent' points to a deep, shared purpose, like having one heart. This wasn't a casual agreement; they 'make a covenant'. In the ancient world, this often involved a solemn ritual, like cutting an animal in two and passing between the pieces, signifying a binding, life-or-death pledge. Imagine groups with diverse interests, even historical animosities, setting all that aside to forge a pact against God and His people. This verse shows that shared opposition to God can be a potent, if perverse, unifying force.
Why would ancient enemies, separated by geography and history, bind themselves together? The target of their fury tells the whole story.
The shocking reality here is who the covenant is against: 'against you they make a covenant—'. The enemies aren't just plotting against a nation; their ultimate target is God Himself. Their pact, sealed with solemn rituals, is an act of rebellion against the Creator. This shows that opposition to God's people is, in essence, opposition to God. Even when human efforts seem formidable, like a vast coalition of nations, they are fundamentally aimed at defying the Almighty. The psalmist highlights this to draw God's attention and to underscore the futility of any plan that sets itself against Him.
Understand the original words
berit · Hebrew Noun
A solemn, binding agreement or treaty between parties. When made against God or His people, it represents a malicious, formal alliance designed to carry out evil intent.
’o-hă-lê · Hebrew Noun
Portable, temporary dwellings used by nomadic or semi-nomadic peoples; in a biblical context, often refers to the people groups living in them or their lifestyle.
‘am · Hebrew Noun
A group of people or nations, often implying those outside the covenant of Israel; used to denote the various peoples united against Israel in this context.
The enemies listed in Psalm 83 represent a historical coalition of nations, likely during the tumultuous post-exilic period, who harbored ancient grudges and saw the weakened Jewish community as an opportunity. Their 'covenant against God' highlights a profound spiritual opposition, where the enemies' goal was not just political subjugation but the eradication of God's chosen people and their witness.
c. 1000 BC
Davidic Kingdom Established
Following the unification of Israel under King David, the nation experienced a period of relative strength and prominence in the region. This era of stability provided a backdrop against which later regional threats would be measured.
c. 900-700 BC
Assyrian Empire's Rise
The Neo-Assyrian Empire began its aggressive expansion, frequently clashing with smaller kingdoms and nations in the Levant, including those mentioned in Psalm 83. This growing military power created a climate of fear and instability.
c. 734-732 BC
Syro-Ephraimite War
A coalition of Aramean (Syrian) and Israelite (Ephraimite) forces attempted to force Judah into an alliance against Assyria, besieging Jerusalem. King Ahaz of Judah appealed to Assyria for help, leading to further Assyrian involvement.
722 BC
Fall of Samaria to Assyria
This passage describes a covenant ritual where God Himself passed between pieces of sacrificed animals, highlighting the solemnity and binding nature of a covenant, which directly relates to the 'cutting a covenant' mentioned in Psalm 83:5.
Luke 23:12This verse shows how Herod and Pilate, who were previously enemies, made peace with each other to conspire against Jesus, mirroring the united front of nations against God described in Psalm 83:5.
Acts 4:25-26This passage quotes Psalm 2:1-2, showing how the kings of the earth and rulers took their stand together against the Lord and against his Anointed (Jesus), demonstrating a historical and ongoing pattern of opposition against God and His people.
Matthew 25:40Jesus states that whatever is done to 'one of the least of these brothers,' it is done to Him, illustrating the concept that opposition against God's people is ultimately opposition against God Himself, as seen in Psalm 83:5.
Zechariah 2:8God declares that whoever touches His people touches the apple of His eye, emphasizing that an attack against His chosen ones is a direct challenge to God's own honor and protection, echoing the sentiment of the covenant made against Him in Psalm 83:5.
pulpitPsalms 83:5: "For they have consulted together with one consent: they are confederate against thee:"
Verse 5. - For they have consulted together with one consent (comp. ver. 3). They are confederate against thee; literally, have entered into a covenant against thee. A formal treaty seems to be intended.
clarkePsalms 83:5: "For they have consulted together with one consent: they are confederate against thee:"
They have consulted together with one consent - With a united heart, לב יחדו leb yachdav, Their heart and soul are in the work. They are confederate against thee - "They have made a covenant," ברית יכריתו berith yachrithu, "they have cut the covenant sacrifice." They have slain an animal, divided him in twain, and passed between the pieces of the victim; and have thus bound themselves to accom…
This isn't just a political alliance; they "cut a covenant" together, a deeply religious act in ancient times. By performing this ritual, they were binding themselves with a sacred, solemn oath, essentially invoking divine power to ensure their pact against God and His people would succeed.
In this psalm, a desperate plea is made to God as a coalition of nations plots against His people. The verse highlights the intense unity and solemn pact formed by these enemies, who have entered into a deliberate covenant with the explicit purpose of opposing God and His chosen ones. This solemn agreement, sealed with ancient rituals, sets the stage for a prayer that contrasts the formidable earthly alliance with the ultimate power of the Almighty.
In this psalm, a desperate plea is made to God as a coalition of nations plots against His people. The verse highlights the intense unity and solemn pact formed by these enemies, who have entered into a deliberate covenant with the explicit purpose of opposing God and His chosen ones. This solemn agreement, sealed with ancient rituals, sets the stage for a prayer that contrasts the formidable earthly alliance with the ultimate power of the Almighty.
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The northern kingdom of Israel (Ephraim) fell to the Assyrian Empire, leading to the exile of its population. This event heightened the sense of existential threat for the remaining southern kingdom of Judah.
605-586 BC
Babylonian Invasions of Judah
The Neo-Babylonian Empire, under Nebuchadnezzar II, conducted several campaigns against Judah, culminating in the destruction of Jerusalem and the temple, and the exile of its people. This marked a period of profound national crisis.
c. 5th-4th Century BC— this verse
Post-Exilic Period and Persistent Threats
Following the return from Babylonian exile, the Jewish people faced ongoing hostility and opposition from surrounding nations as they sought to rebuild their community and their temple. This period of vulnerability likely contributed to the sentiment expressed in Psalm 83.
"For they conspire with one accord; against you they make a covenant— the tents of Edom and the Ishmaelites, Moab and the Hagrites, Gebal and Ammon and Amalek, Philistia with the inhabitants of Tyre;" — This isn't just a political alliance; they "cut a covenant" together, a deeply religious act in ancient times. By performing this ritual, they were binding themselves with a sacred, solemn oath, esse…