circumcisionπεριτομή
peritomē · Greek Noun
The sign of the Old Testament covenant; here, redefined by Paul to refer to those who have undergone the spiritual renewal of the heart through Christ.
worshipλατρεύω
latreuō · Greek Verb
To serve or perform religious service; in the new covenant, this is directed to God through the enabling power of the Holy Spirit.
gloryκαυχάομαι
kauchomai · Greek Verb
To boast, rejoice, or place one's highest value and pride in something; for the believer, this pride is centered exclusively on the person and work of Christ.
confidenceπεποίθησις
pepoithēsis · Greek Noun
Reliance, trust, or assurance placed in something; biblically, it refers to the ground upon which a person stands before God.
fleshσάρξ
sarx · Greek Noun
Refers to human nature, physical heritage, or religious achievement, which is inherently flawed and insufficient for achieving righteousness before God.
people of IsraelἸσραήλ
Israēl · Greek Proper Noun
The covenantal title for God's chosen people, denoting their election, heritage, and unique standing as the recipients of God's promises.
PhariseeΦαρισαῖος
Pharisaios · Greek Noun
The historical Jewish group known for their meticulous, rigid adherence to the Law of Moses and their commitment to nationalistic purity.
zealζῆλος
zēlos · Greek Noun
Fervent, passionate devotion or enthusiasm, often used in religious contexts to describe intense dedication to a cause or God.
persecutorδιώκων
diōkōn · Greek Noun/Participle
One who pursues, harasses, or oppresses others, specifically used in the NT for those who violently opposed the early followers of Jesus.
righteousnessδικαιοσύνη
dikaiosynē · Greek Noun
The state of being morally right or justified before God; legal, ethical, or spiritual standing that meets the requirements of divine holiness.
blamelessἄμεμπτος
amemptos · Greek Adjective
Possessing no fault, blemish, or moral defect; in a legal or religious sense, having an observance of the law that is officially unimpeachable.
gainκέρδος
kerdos · Greek Noun
Profit, advantage, or acquisition; often refers to things worldly or external that are considered beneficial for status, security, or self-sufficiency.
lossζημία
zēmia · Greek Noun
Something forfeited, forfeited value, or a disadvantage; biblically, that which is surrendered or suffered in order to gain a higher spiritual good.
ChristΧριστός
Christos · Greek Noun
The title given to Jesus, meaning 'Anointed One,' the long-awaited Messianic King who fulfills the covenant promises of God.
rubbishσκύβαλον
skybalon · Greek Noun
Excrement, refuse, or garbage; used figuratively to describe something utterly worthless, discarded, and repulsive when compared to the value of knowing Christ.
faithπίστις
pistis · Greek Noun
Believing, trusting, or firm persuasion in God's promises and the person of Jesus; it is the instrument through which God's grace and righteousness are received.