twelveδώδεκα
dōdeka · Greek Noun
Refers to the original inner circle of disciples chosen by Jesus to be His closest companions and primary witnesses. The number twelve is symbolically significant, representing the restoration of the twelve tribes of Israel under the messianic kingdom.
chief priestsἀρχιερέων
archiereōn · Greek Noun
The highest religious officials in Israel, responsible for the temple service and the Sanhedrin. They were the primary antagonists who orchestrated the judicial process leading to Jesus' crucifixion.
eldersπρεσβυτέρων
presbyterōn · Greek Noun
Senior community leaders who served on the Sanhedrin; they held significant influence in Jewish society and acted as representatives of the people in matters of law and tradition.
kissφιλήσω
philēsō · Greek Verb
A physical gesture of greeting, friendship, or respect. In this context, it is weaponized as a deceptive signal to identify Jesus for arrest, standing in stark contrast to its typical social meaning.
seizeκρατήσατε
kratēsate · Greek Verb
To take hold of, arrest, or capture by force. In the New Testament, it is often used for the apprehension of Jesus and the apostles by state or religious authorities.
Rabbiῥαββί
rhabbi · Greek Noun
A respectful title for a teacher of the Jewish Law. By using this title, the betrayer masks his true intent with a veneer of formal respect and professional relationship.
Friendἑταῖρε
hetaire · Greek Noun
A term used to address an associate or companion; in this context, it carries a sense of profound irony or solemn distance, as Jesus addresses the one who is actively betraying Him.
laid hands onἐπέβαλον τὰς χεῖρας
epebalon tas cheiras · Greek Verb Phrase
A hostile or authoritative action of laying hold of someone, often to bring them into custody or trial. It marks the formal beginning of Jesus' passion and suffering at the hands of men.
high priestכֹּהֵן
kohen · Hebrew Noun
A person who performs sacred duties and serves as a mediator between God and the people; in the Old Testament, these were descendants of Aaron. The high priest held the highest religious office in Judaism.
swordμάχαιρα
machaira · Greek Noun
A primary weapon of the ancient world, often used symbolically to represent war, violence, conflict, or the judgment of God.
perishἀπόλλυμι
apollymi · Greek Verb
To cease to exist, die, or be destroyed; in a biblical context, it often refers to eternal separation from God or literal physical death resulting from judgment.
Fatherπατήρ
patēr · Greek Noun
A title for God emphasizing His intimate relationship with believers and His authority, care, and providential rule as the head of the heavenly family.
angelsἄγγελος
angelos · Greek Noun
Spiritual beings created by God to serve Him, act as His messengers, and execute His will in the created order. They are numerous and possess great power under God's command.
Scripturesγραφή
graphē · Greek Noun
The inspired, authoritative written Word of God. Throughout the Gospels, it refers to the Old Testament writings that prophesied the life, death, and resurrection of the Messiah.
fulfilledπληρόω
plēroō · Greek Verb
To bring to completion or carry out as predicted or promised; in the New Testament, it refers to the alignment of historical events with divine prophecy.
robberλῃστής
lēstēs · Greek Noun
One who uses violence to take property or gain; it often connotes an insurrectionist or revolutionary in the first-century Roman context.
templeἱερόν
hieron · Greek Noun
The central place of worship for the Jewish people in Jerusalem, considered the dwelling place of God’s presence on earth. It served as a location for teaching, prayer, and sacrifice.
Scripturesγραφάς
graphas · Greek Noun
Refers to the divinely inspired writings of the Old Testament, which provide the authoritative revelation of God’s redemptive plan and prophetic expectation of the Messiah.
prophetsπροφητῶν
prophētōn · Greek Noun
Spokesmen for God who received and declared His messages; in this context, they spoke prophetically regarding the coming of the Messiah and His sufferings.
fulfilledπληρωθῶσιν
plērōthōsin · Greek Verb
To bring to completion or make fully real; used in the New Testament to describe how Jesus Christ perfectly realized the patterns, promises, and predictions of the Old Testament.
