PhariseesΦαρισαῖος
Phariseos · Greek Noun
A Jewish religious sect during the Second Temple period known for their strict adherence to the Torah, their belief in the resurrection of the dead, and their emphasis on oral tradition.
SadduceesΣαδδουκαῖος
Saddoukaios · Greek Noun
A Jewish religious sect during the Second Temple period, primarily consisting of the priestly aristocracy, who rejected the oral tradition and the doctrine of the resurrection of the dead.
lawyerνομικός
nomikos · Greek Noun/Adjective
An expert in the Mosaic Law, whose primary duty was to study, interpret, and apply the Torah to the daily life of the Jewish people.
testπειράζω
peirazō · Greek Verb
In a biblical context, to put someone or something to the proof; to examine or challenge someone's character, motives, or wisdom, often with adversarial intent.
Teacherδιδάσκαλε
didaskale · Greek Noun
Refers to a master or instructor of religious truth. In the New Testament, it is a title often used for Jesus, acknowledging his authority to interpret the Torah.
Lawתּוֹרָה
Torah · Hebrew Noun
The revealed will of God for His people, particularly the Pentateuch, serving as the foundation for ethical and religious life in Israel.
commandmentἐντολή
entolē · Greek Noun
A divine mandate or authoritative instruction from God requiring obedience. In Scripture, it forms the basis of the covenant relationship.
loveἀγαπάω
agapaō · Greek Verb
In a biblical context, refers to a commitment of the will, mind, and emotions that results in sacrificial action. It is the defining characteristic of the believer's relationship with God and others.
heartκαρδία
kardia · Greek Noun
Often considered the seat of the intellect, will, and inner self. Biblically, it is the center of human personality and the place where decisions for or against God are made.
soulψυχή
psychē · Greek Noun
The vital, animating principle of human life. It refers to the individual person, their life-breath, and their existence before God.
mindδιάνοια
dianoia · Greek Noun
Refers to the faculty of understanding, reasoning, and cognition. Loving God with the mind involves dedicating one's intellectual capacities and thoughts to His glory.
neighborπλησίον
plēsion · Greek Noun
Any other person, particularly those within the community of faith, but in Jesus' teaching, it extends to all people, including enemies. It signifies the object of one's duty of care and love.
dependκρέμαμαι
kremamai · Greek Verb
To hang or be suspended from. Metaphorically, it means that the entire witness and moral requirements of the Hebrew Scriptures are rooted in and supported by these two core commands.
Prophetsנְבִיאִים
nebi'im · Hebrew Noun
The divinely inspired spokesmen for God in the Old Testament whose writings and ministries served to call Israel to repentance and point forward to the coming Messiah.
