Matthew 17:10
And the disciples asked him, “Then why do the scribes say that first Elijah must come?”
English Standard Version (ESV)
Matthew 17:10
And the disciples asked him, “Then why do the scribes say that first Elijah must come?”
English Standard Version (ESV)
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The disciples' question isn't just about a prophecy; it reveals their confusion because Elijah just appeared and vanished. They're wrestling with how this fleeting glimpse fits the scribes' teaching that Elijah must come to establish the Messiah's kingdom, implying a more permanent, public arrival.
Immediately after Jesus' transfiguration, where he appeared in glory with Moses and Elijah, his disciples are confused because they just saw Elijah but recall the scribes' teaching that Elijah must come before the Messiah. This apparent contradiction prompts their question about how this fits with their expectation of Elijah's role in ushering in the Messiah's kingdom. Jesus then begins to explain that Elijah has indeed already come, referring to John the Baptist, and that the prophecy is being fulfilled in unexpected ways.
The disciples just witnessed something extraordinary – Jesus in glory with Moses and Elijah. Yet, a nagging question about Elijah's role surfaces. Why the confusion?
The Jewish people had a deeply ingrained expectation about the Messiah's arrival, largely shaped by prophecy. A key part of this was the belief, based on Malachi's prophecy, that the prophet Elijah would return first to herald the Messiah's coming.
This wasn't just a casual thought; it was a cornerstone of their understanding of end-times events. The scribes, as the interpreters of the Law, taught this publicly. So, when Elijah did appear briefly during the Transfiguration, and then vanished, the disciples were left bewildered.
Their question, 'Then why do the scribes say that first Elijah must come?', reveals their struggle. If Jesus is the Messiah, and Elijah has indeed appeared (even if briefly), why does it feel so… incomplete compared to what the scribes taught?
The Transfiguration was a divine spotlight on Jesus' identity. Yet, for the disciples, it immediately sparked questions about Elijah's role and the scribes' teachings. What does this tell us about understanding prophecy?
The disciples' question isn't about doubting Jesus is the Messiah – the Transfiguration likely solidified that for them. Instead, it's about how Elijah's sudden appearance and disappearance fits the expected pattern.
The scribes' teaching implied Elijah would have a significant, perhaps prolonged, role in announcing and establishing the Messiah's kingdom. Elijah's brief visit, and Jesus' subsequent instruction to keep it a secret, seemed to contradict this.
This reveals a common challenge when trying to understand God's plans: we often have preconceived ideas based on tradition or interpretation. The disciples were grappling with the tension between established religious understanding and the unfolding reality presented by Jesus. They were trying to fit God's actions into their existing theological boxes, and it wasn't quite working.
Understand the original words
grammateis · Greek Noun
Experts in the Mosaic Law who studied, interpreted, and taught the Scriptures to the people. By the time of the New Testament, they held significant authority in Jewish religious life.
Ēlias · Greek Proper Noun
A great Old Testament prophet known for his zeal for the Lord. According to Malachi 4:5, it was expected that he would return before the coming of the great and awesome day of the Lord, a prophecy fulfilled in the ministry of John the Baptist.
The disciples' question about Elijah reveals a common Jewish expectation, rooted in Malachi's prophecy, that Elijah would personally appear before the Messiah. Their confusion stems from seeing Elijah briefly during the transfiguration and his subsequent disappearance, which didn't align with their understanding of him ushering in the Messiah's kingdom.
c. 400 BC
Malachi's Prophecy
The prophet Malachi records God's promise to send Elijah to prepare the way for the Lord, shortly before the "great and terrible day of the Lord."
During the Second Temple Period (c. 516 BC - AD 70)
Development of Scribe Tradition
Jewish scribes meticulously studied and interpreted the Law and the Prophets, developing specific traditions and teachings about end-times events and figures like Elijah.
Early 1st century AD
John the Baptist's Ministry Begins
John the Baptist emerges in the wilderness, proclaiming a message of repentance and baptizing people, fulfilling prophecies about a forerunner.
c. AD 27-30
Jesus' Public Ministry
Jesus begins his public ministry, calling disciples and teaching about the Kingdom of God. John the Baptist prepares the way for him.
This is the prophecy the scribes were referring to; it foretold the coming of Elijah before the 'great and dreadful day of the Lord,' which the disciples understood as the coming of the Messiah.
Matthew 11:14Jesus directly identifies John the Baptist as Elijah who was to come, explaining the fulfillment of the prophecy the disciples are questioning here.
Luke 1:17This verse describes John the Baptist's ministry in terms of the spirit and power of Elijah, reinforcing the idea that Elijah's coming was about a spiritual forerunner, not just a physical appearance.
Matthew 17:12Jesus' own answer to this question directly links the fulfillment of the Elijah prophecy to John the Baptist's suffering, showing the disciples the immediate relevance of their question.
henryMatthew 17:1-13: "And after six days Jesus taketh Peter, James, and John his brother, and bringeth them up into an high mountain apart,"
17:1-13 Now the disciples beheld somewhat of Christ's glory, as of the only begotten of the Father. It was intended to support their faith, when they would have to witness his crucifixion; and would give them an idea of the glory prepared for them, when changed by his power and made like him. The apostles were overcome by the glorious sight. Peter thought that…
barnesMatthew 17:10: "And his disciples asked him, saying, Why then say the scribes that Elias must first come?"
See also Mark 9:11-13 . Why then say the scribes ... - The disciples appear to have been satisfied now that he was the Messiah. The transfiguration had taken away all their doubts, but they recollected that it was a common doctrine among the Jews that Elijah would appear before the Messiah came, and they did not then recollect that he had appeared. To this difficulty the word then refers.…
The disciples' question isn't just about a prophecy; it reveals their confusion because Elijah just appeared and vanished. They're wrestling with how this fleeting glimpse fits the scribes' teaching that Elijah must come to establish the Messiah's kingdom, implying a more permanent, public arrival.
Immediately after Jesus' transfiguration, where he appeared in glory with Moses and Elijah, his disciples are confused because they just saw Elijah but recall the scribes' teaching that Elijah must come before the Messiah. This apparent contradiction prompts their question about how this fits with their expectation of Elijah's role in ushering in the Messiah's kingdom. Jesus then begins to explain that Elijah has indeed already come, referring to John the Baptist, and that the prophecy is being fulfilled in unexpected ways.
Immediately after Jesus' transfiguration, where he appeared in glory with Moses and Elijah, his disciples are confused because they just saw Elijah but recall the scribes' teaching that Elijah must come the Messiah. This apparent contradiction prompts their question about how this fits with their expectation of Elijah's role in ushering in the Messiah's kingdom. Jesus then begins to explain that Elijah has indeed already come, referring to John the Baptist, and that the prophecy is being fulfilled in unexpected ways.
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c. AD 29— this verse
The Transfiguration
Jesus is transfigured on a mountain, with Moses and Elijah appearing and speaking with him. Immediately after, Elijah vanishes, prompting the disciples' question.
"And the disciples asked him, “Then why do the scribes say that first Elijah must come?”" — The disciples' question isn't just about a prophecy; it reveals their confusion because Elijah just appeared and vanished. They're wrestling with how this fleeting glimpse fits the scribes' teachin…