And the crowds asked him, “What then shall we do?”
English Standard Version (ESV)
This question, "What then shall we do?", isn't just a passive inquiry; it's the immediate and natural outflow of a heart genuinely struck by John's stern warnings about impending judgment. It reveals that true repentance isn't just about feeling sorry, but about a desperate, active seeking of the right path forward.
And the crowds asked him, “What then shall we do?”
English Standard Version (ESV)
John the Baptist has just harshly rebuked the crowds, calling them "offspring of vipers" and warning them of coming judgment unless they produce "fruit worthy of repentance." The people, moved by his powerful words and the imminent threat of God's wrath, now earnestly ask for specific guidance on how to live differently and truly repent. This leads John to offer practical instructions to various groups, including ordinary citizens, tax collectors, and soldiers.
John the Baptist’s message wasn’t just a warning; it was a wake-up call. When people heard him, something stirred deep within them. What was that stirring, and why did it lead to such a direct question?
John the Baptist's preaching was powerful and direct, calling people to repent. But his message wasn't just about recognizing sin; it was about producing evidence of a changed heart. He told them to 'bear fruit in keeping with their repentance.' This means that true repentance isn't just feeling sorry; it's actively changing your actions to align with God's will. When the crowds heard this, they didn't just passively listen. They were convicted of their need to change, and this conviction led them to ask, 'What then shall we do?' This question reveals a soul-deep stirring, a genuine desire to move from where they were to where God wanted them to be. It’s the sound of conviction turning into action.
Many in John's audience likely thought religious duty was about rituals. But John’s answer points to something much more practical and life-changing. What does this tell us about how God truly wants us to live?
John’s response to the crowds, tax collectors, and soldiers isn't about adding more religious ceremonies. Instead, he gives concrete instructions for daily living. For the general crowd, he says, 'Whoever has two tunics is to share with him who has none.' To tax collectors, he says, 'Collect no more than you are appointed to collect.' And to soldiers, 'Do not extort money from anyone by force, nor accuse anyone falsely, and be content with your wages.' This highlights a crucial point: genuine faith isn't just about what happens inside a temple or during a worship service. It’s about how we treat each other, how we handle our finances, and how we conduct ourselves in our jobs. These practical commands are the 'fruits' of repentance John called for, demonstrating that faith impacts every area of life.
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The crowds' question reflects a genuine, Spirit-prompted desire to know how to live out their newfound repentance, moving beyond mere ceremony to practical righteousness and justice.
c. 27-29 AD— this verse
John the Baptist begins ministry
John the Baptist starts preaching a message of repentance and baptism in the wilderness of Judea, calling people to prepare the way for the Lord.
c. 27-29 AD
John preaches to crowds
John addresses various groups including tax collectors and soldiers, challenging their ingrained sins and urging them to produce fruit in keeping with their repentance.
c. 27-29 AD
Jesus' baptism
Jesus comes to John to be baptized, an event that signifies the beginning of His public ministry.
This passage shows a similar moment of deep conviction and urgent inquiry from a crowd, asking 'Brothers, what should we do?' after hearing Peter's powerful message.
Matthew 3:8This verse directly follows John's rebuke of the Pharisees and Sadducees, calling them to 'bear fruit in keeping with repentance,' which is the very concept the crowds in Luke are asking how to enact.
Luke 19:8This passage provides an example of a changed life where Zacchaeus, after an encounter with Jesus, declares 'I will give half of my possessions to the poor,' demonstrating a tangible 'fruit' of repentance, echoing the practical advice John gives.
Micah 6:8John's practical instructions to the crowds about justice, mercy, and charity align with this prophetic call to 'act justly and to love mercy and to walk humbly with your God,' showing that these ethical imperatives are ancient and foundational.
barnesLuke 3:10: "And the people asked him, saying, What shall we do then?"
What shall we do, then? - John had told them to bring forth fruits appropriate to repentance, or to lead a life which showed that their repentance was genuine. They very properly, therefore, asked how it should be done, or what "would be" such a life.
calvinLuke 3:7-14: "Then said he to the multitude that came forth to be baptized of him, O generation of vipers, who hath warned you to flee from the wrath to come?"
- And when he saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees coming to his baptism, he said to them, Offspring of vipers, who warned you that ye might flee from the wrath to come? 8. Yield then fruits worthy of repentance. 9. And think not to say within yourselves, We have Abraham for our fathers: for I say to you, that God is able to raise, f…
This question, "What then shall we do?", isn't just a passive inquiry; it's the immediate and natural outflow of a heart genuinely struck by John's stern warnings about impending judgment. It reveals that true repentance isn't just about feeling sorry, but about a desperate, active seeking of the right path forward.
John the Baptist has just harshly rebuked the crowds, calling them "offspring of vipers" and warning them of coming judgment unless they produce "fruit worthy of repentance." The people, moved by his powerful words and the imminent threat of God's wrath, now earnestly ask for specific guidance on how to live differently and truly repent. This leads John to offer practical instructions to various groups, including ordinary citizens, tax collectors, and soldiers.
John the Baptist has just harshly rebuked the crowds, calling them "offspring of vipers" and warning them of coming judgment unless they produce "fruit worthy of repentance." The people, moved by his powerful words and the imminent threat of God's wrath, now earnestly ask for specific guidance on how to live differently and truly repent. This leads John to offer practical instructions to various groups, including ordinary citizens, tax collectors, and soldiers.
"And the crowds asked him, “What then shall we do?”" — This question, "What then shall we do?", isn't just a passive inquiry; it's the immediate and natural outflow of a heart genuinely struck by John's stern warnings about impending judgment. It reveals…
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Last reviewed October 2026