gathered to their fathersאָסַף
asaph · Hebrew Verb
A euphemism for death, reflecting the ancient Israelite belief in ancestral fellowship beyond the grave and the communal nature of God’s people through history.
knowיָדַע
yada · Hebrew Verb
Biblically, this goes beyond mere intellectual awareness to imply a relational, experiential knowledge—a deep, intimate acquaintance that results in covenantal loyalty and trust.
evilרַע
ra' · Hebrew Adjective/Noun
Moral or ethical wickedness that is offensive or disagreeable to God's standard of holiness and character.
the Baalsבַּעַל
Ba'al · Hebrew Noun
A false deity or fertility god worshiped by Canaanite peoples, often representing the storm god associated with rain and agricultural productivity.
abandonedעָזַב
'azab · Hebrew Verb
To forsake, desert, or leave behind a relationship or covenant, frequently used in the context of Israel turning away from Yahweh to idols.
fathersאָב
ab · Hebrew Noun
A common descriptive term for the patriarchs (Abraham, Isaac, Jacob) with whom God established His covenant, serving as a reminder of God's faithfulness to His promises.
bowed downחָוָה
chawah · Hebrew Verb
To prostrate oneself or pay homage, physically expressing submission, reverence, or worship, whether directed toward God or idols.
provoked to angerכָּעַס
ka'as · Hebrew Verb
To incite or irritate, frequently used to describe Israel’s idolatry triggering God's righteous indignation and disciplinary action.
the Ashtarothעַשְׁתֹּרֶת
Ashtoreth · Hebrew Noun
The primary female deity in the Canaanite pantheon, often associated with war, love, and fertility, whose worship was strictly forbidden in Israel.
anger of the LORDאַף
aph · Hebrew Noun
Refers to the burning, intense, and righteous indignation of God against sin and covenant unfaithfulness, which demands a response of justice.
soldמָכַר
makar · Hebrew Verb
To be handed over to an adversary or circumstances of judgment, illustrating God's withdrawal of protection as a disciplinary consequence for rebellion.
hand of the LORDיָד
yad · Hebrew Noun
The exercise of divine power or authority, often used anthropomorphically to describe God’s active intervention in human history for either blessing or judgment.
swornשָׁבַע
shaba' · Hebrew Verb
A solemn, binding promise or commitment, often made by God, which carries grave consequences if broken by the human party involved.
distressצַר
tsar · Hebrew Noun/Adjective
A state of extreme suffering, constraint, or oppression resulting from divine judgment, often leading to repentance.
LORDיְהוָה
YHWH · Hebrew Proper Noun
The personal name of the God of Israel, revealing His covenant faithfulness, holiness, and sovereignty. It signifies the self-existent One who enters into a relationship with His people.
judgesשָׁפַט
shophetim · Hebrew Noun/Verb (Participle)
Deliverers or leaders raised by God to vindicate and rescue Israel from their oppressors. In this context, they functioned as military leaders and temporary administrators who exercised God’s justice.
whored afterזָנָה
zanah · Hebrew Verb
A figurative term representing idolatry, depicting the worship of false gods as a violation of the covenant relationship between Israel and Yahweh, comparable to marital unfaithfulness.
other godsאֱלֹהִים
elohim acherim · Hebrew Noun
Divinities other than the one true God. These idols were man-made representations of created things or forces, forbidden by the first commandment.
commandmentsמִצְוָה
mitsvah · Hebrew Noun
The revealed laws, instructions, and ethical requirements given by God for the regulation of Israel’s life, reflecting His holy character and moral standard.
moved to pityנָחַם
nacham · Hebrew Verb
A feeling of deep sympathy or compassion, often used of God, indicating His emotional response to the suffering and cries of His people despite their rebellion.
corruptשָׁחַת
shachath · Hebrew Adjective/Verb
Moral decay, wickedness, or spiritual ruin. It describes a state of being spoiled, perverted, or depraved in one's conduct and heart.