governorἡγεμών
hēgemōn · Greek Noun
The civil ruler or administrator of a Roman province. In the Gospels, this refers to Pontius Pilate, who held the power of life and death over subjects in Judea.
defiledμιαίνω
miainō · Greek Verb
To become ceremonially unclean or ritually impure according to the Mosaic Law. This condition prevented a person from participating in sacred activities, such as worship or consuming holy offerings.
Passoverπάσχα
pascha · Greek Noun
The annual Jewish festival commemorating the deliverance of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt. It serves as a shadow of the ultimate deliverance from sin through the sacrifice of the Lamb of God.
accusationκατηγορία
katēgoria · Greek Noun
A formal charge or legal complaint brought against an individual. In this context, it refers to the grounds for seeking a death sentence or legal condemnation.
evilκακός
kakos · Greek Adjective
Morally wrong, wicked, or destructive conduct. In biblical terms, it refers to actions contrary to the nature and commandments of God, often synonymous with sin.
delivered him overπαραδίδωμι
paradidōmi · Greek Verb
To hand over or surrender someone into the power or custody of others. In the Gospels, it is frequently used to describe the betrayal of Jesus to the authorities for trial and execution.
judgeκρίνετε
krinete · Greek Verb
In a judicial sense, to exercise authority to determine guilt or innocence and pass sentence according to a set of standards or statutes.
lawνόμος
nomos · Greek Noun
A system of rules, divine or civil, regulating conduct. In this context, it refers to the Mosaic Law held by the Jewish leaders.
put to deathἀποκτείνωμεν
apokteinōmen · Greek Verb
The capital punishment or termination of physical life. In John, it often carries deeper significance regarding Jesus' redemptive sacrifice.
fulfillπληρωθῇ
plērōthē · Greek Verb
To bring to pass, complete, or realize something previously predicted or promised by God.
Kingβασιλεύς
basileus · Greek Noun
The sovereign ruler of a nation or kingdom. Applied to Jesus, it carries profound messianic and theological claims of divine authority.
nationἔθνος
ethnos · Greek Noun
The Jewish people as a covenant community, distinct from the Gentiles.
chief priestsἀρχιερεῖς
archiereis · Greek Noun
The highest-ranking religious leaders in Israel, responsible for the oversight of the temple and the spiritual life of the people.
delivered you overπαρέδωκεν
paredōken · Greek Verb
To hand someone over to the custody or power of another, often implying betrayal or the initiation of a legal process.
kingdomβασιλεία
basileia · Greek Noun
The royal authority or domain of God, often manifesting as God’s rule over the hearts of believers and eventually over all creation. It is characterized by righteousness, peace, and truth, rather than worldly force.
worldκόσμος
kosmos · Greek Noun
Refers to the fallen, temporal system of humanity alienated from God, characterized by darkness, pride, and opposition to divine truth. It is the sphere under the temporary influence of Satan.
servantsὑπηρέται
hypēretai · Greek Noun
Those who serve or assist a master; in this context, it refers to followers or agents committed to a cause or leader.
delivered overπαραδοθῶ
paradothō · Greek Verb
To give over, hand over, or betray; in the passion narrative, it carries the weight of divine sovereignty in allowing Christ to be placed into the hands of sinful humanity to fulfill the plan of salvation.
kingβασιλεύς
basileus · Greek Noun
One who holds sovereign authority over a nation or people; biblically, it emphasizes Christ’s ultimate authority over both the spiritual and physical realms.
bear witnessμαρτυρήσω
martyrēsō · Greek Verb
To provide evidence, testify, or declare the reality of something; in the ministry of Jesus, it refers to revealing the nature and purpose of God to a blinded world.
truthἀλήθεια
alētheia · Greek Noun
The objective reality of God’s nature, will, and revelation. It is not merely subjective opinion but the absolute standard of divine existence and ethics as revealed in Christ.
guiltαἰτία
aitia · Greek Noun
A legal or moral fault; innocence or lack of blameworthiness, used here to declare that the accused had committed no violation of the law.
