worthlessnessהֶבֶל
hebel · Hebrew Noun
Empty, vain, or unsubstantial things; often used in the Old Testament to refer to idols or false gods that have no reality or power.
LORDיְהוָה
YHWH · Hebrew Noun
The proper name of the God of Israel, revealed to Moses, emphasizing His self-existence, covenant faithfulness, and eternal nature.
Egyptמִצְרָיִם
Mitsrayim · Hebrew Noun
A place of bondage and oppression from which God sovereignly delivered His people, serving as the foundational historical paradigm for God's redemptive work.
wildernessמִדְבָּר
midbar · Hebrew Noun
An uncultivated, desolate place, often used in Scripture as a site of testing, provision, and intimacy with God, or conversely, as a place of judgment.
defiledטָמָא
tame' · Hebrew Verb
In a cultic and moral sense, to make something ritually unclean or impure, often through idolatry or disobedience, thereby desecrating what belongs to God.
heritageנַחֲלָה
nachalah · Hebrew Noun
That which is possessed by inheritance; in this context, it refers to the land of Israel as God's chosen, consecrated portion.
abominationתּוֹעֵבָה
to'ebah · Hebrew Noun
Something detestable, especially that which is morally or ceremonially loathsome to God, frequently associated with idolatry.
priestsכֹּהֵן
kohen · Hebrew Noun
Religious officials responsible for mediating between God and the people through sacrifice, teaching, and maintaining ritual purity.
lawתּוֹרָה
torah · Hebrew Noun
The divine instruction or revelation given by God, serving as the standard for life, faith, and behavior for the people of Israel.
shepherdsרָעָה
ro'eh · Hebrew Noun/Participle
A term often used metaphorically for leaders (kings, princes, or prophets) tasked with the care, guidance, and protection of God’s people.
transgressedפָּשַׁע
pasha' · Hebrew Verb
To cross over a boundary, to rebel, or to break a covenant; it implies a conscious act of revolt against God's authority.
Baalבַּעַל
Ba'al · Hebrew Noun
A generic Canaanite deity or idol; in biblical polemic, it represents the worship of false gods who are powerless and unable to deliver.
contendרִיב
riv · Hebrew Verb
To engage in a legal dispute or formal charge; God as the Judge/Prosecutor bringing an indictment against His people for breach of covenant.
nationגּוֹי
goy · Hebrew Noun
Refers to a people group or ethnic body, often used in contrast to Israel (the nations/Gentiles) or to describe the corporate entity of Israel itself. In the Old Testament, it emphasizes the collective identity and political structure of a people.
LORDיהוה
Yahweh · Hebrew Proper Noun
The Hebrew term for the God of Israel, the covenant-keeping I AM who revealed Himself to Moses. It signifies His holiness, faithfulness, and supreme authority as the Creator and Redeemer.
gloryכָּבוֹד
kabod · Hebrew Noun
Refers to the manifestation of God's presence, majesty, and character. In this context, it speaks to the honor and unique dignity that belongs to God, which Israel foolishly traded away.
evilsרָעָה
ra'ah · Hebrew Noun
A moral or spiritual failing that contradicts God's law or His character. In Scripture, evil is not just a mistake but an active rebellion against the divine order.
forsakenעָזַב
'azab · Hebrew Verb
To abandon, leave behind, or turn away from someone or something. In a covenantal context, it describes the act of apostasy or willful turning away from God to pursue idols.
fountain of living watersמָקוֹר מַיִם חַיִּים
maqor mayim hayyim · Hebrew Noun phrase
A metaphor for God as the perpetual, self-sustaining source of life, grace, and spiritual refreshment. Unlike a stagnant pool, "living water" refers to flowing, life-giving water.
cisternsבּוֹר
bor · Hebrew Noun
Man-made receptacles intended to store rainwater. Biblically, they represent human attempts to create their own security, satisfaction, or salvation apart from God, which ultimately prove ineffective.
desolateשָׁמֵם
shamem · Hebrew Verb/Adjective
A condition of extreme desolation, ruin, or spiritual emptiness. It characterizes the consequences of judgment or the state of being forsaken by God.