slave womanπαιδίσκη
paidiskē · Greek Noun
A person owned by another, lacking legal freedom or autonomy. In a theological sense, it represents the state of being under the condemnation and bondage of sin and the curse of the law.
fleshσάρξ
sarx · Greek Noun
In a biblical context, it refers to the fallen human nature—the tendency to act according to selfish, worldly desires apart from the empowering presence of the Holy Spirit. It stands in contrast to the spiritual life produced by God's grace.
promiseἐπαγγελία
epangelia · Greek Noun
A declaration or oath from God regarding future action or blessing. It emphasizes that God's redemptive work is initiated by His sovereign initiative and received through faith, rather than earned by human effort.
allegoricallyἀλληγορέω
allēgoreō · Greek Verb
A literary device where a narrative is interpreted to reveal a deeper, often spiritual, meaning beyond the literal historical sense. In Paul's usage, it serves to demonstrate the typological correspondence between Old Testament history and New Covenant realities.
covenantsδιαθήκη
diathēkē · Greek Noun
A formal, solemn agreement between God and His people, establishing the terms of their relationship. Throughout the Bible, covenants define how God interacts with humanity, contrasting law-based systems of performance with grace-based systems of faith.
Mount SinaiΣινᾶ
Sina · Greek Noun
The site where God gave the Law to Moses. It symbolizes the Old Covenant, characterized by its demand for perfect obedience and its resulting effect of exposing humanity's inability to meet God's standard, thus leading to spiritual bondage.
Jerusalem aboveἸερουσαλήμ
Ierousalēm anō · Greek Proper Noun
In a theological context, this refers to the heavenly reality, the city of God, or the community of believers in covenant with God, contrasting with the earthly city of Jerusalem. It represents the spiritual kingdom and the heavenly citizenship of those who are in Christ.
freeἐλεύθερος
eleutheros · Greek Adjective
The quality or state of not being under bondage, slavery, or the burden of the Mosaic Law; in Christ, it signifies liberation from sin, death, and legalistic constraints, enabling service to God.
barren oneστεῖρα
steira · Greek Adjective
Refers to one who is physically unable to have children, often used in Scripture as a symbol of human helplessness and the necessity of divine intervention to bring about God's purpose.
childrenτέκνον
teknon · Greek Noun
A chosen people or believers in a new covenant relationship who are established by divine promise rather than human effort or natural descent.
promiseἐπαγγελία
epangelia · Greek Noun
Refers to a divine declaration or guarantee given by God to His people, which is fulfilled by His power and grace rather than human works, as exemplified in the covenant with Abraham.
fleshσάρξ
sarx · Greek Noun
Refers to human effort, natural biological birth, or reliance on self and the works of the Law, standing in direct opposition to the supernatural working of the Holy Spirit.
persecutedδιώκω
diōkō · Greek Verb
To harass, mistreat, or oppress, often specifically directed at those who are faithful to God or the Gospel, reflecting the hostility of the world or legalism toward the way of grace.
Spiritπνεῦμα
pneuma · Greek Noun
The third person of the Trinity, who gives new life, guides believers into truth, and empowers the Christian walk, distinct from and superior to the limitations of the flesh.
Scriptureγραφή
graphē · Greek Noun
The authoritative, inspired Word of God, serving as the final standard for doctrine, correction, and guidance for the life of the believer.
slave womanπαιδίσκη
paidiskē · Greek Noun
One who is legally owned by another, used metaphorically to describe a person enslaved to the Mosaic Law or the power of sin, lacking the rights and standing of a child of God.
inheritκληρονομέω
klēronomeō · Greek Verb
The act of receiving the blessings, promises, and eternal life that God has prepared for His people by grace, not earned by merit.
brothersἀδελφοί
adelphoi · Greek Noun
A term of endearment and spiritual equality used among believers, signifying their shared relationship as members of God’s family through faith in Christ. It emphasizes the communal identity of the church.
childrenτέκνα
tekna · Greek Noun
Individuals characterized by their relationship to a parent; in a theological sense, those who belong to a specific spiritual lineage or state—either under the law (slavery) or under the promise (freedom).
slaveπαιδίσκης
paidiskēs · Greek Noun
A person bound to another, lacking personal liberty; in biblical typology, this represents the state of being under the bondage of the Law of Moses or sin, unable to attain salvation through personal effort.
free womanἐλευθέρας
eleutheras · Greek Adjective
Possessing liberty and status; in the New Testament, this refers to the believer’s spiritual standing through Christ, liberated from the penalty of sin and the yoke of the Law, belonging to the covenant of promise (typified by Sarah).
