Gentilesἔθνη
ethnē · Greek Noun
Biblically, those outside the covenant community of God; people who do not know the one true God and live according to worldly, pagan standards.
walkπεριπατέω
peripateō · Greek Verb
A biblical metaphor for one's daily conduct, character, and lifestyle. It represents the habitual pattern of a person's life and moral trajectory.
futilityματαιότης
mataiotēs · Greek Noun
Refers to aimlessness, emptiness, or that which lacks spiritual substance or eternal value. It describes life lived apart from God, which ultimately proves vain and void of meaning.
alienatedἀπηλλοτριωμένοι
apallotrioō · Greek Adjective/Participle
A state of being estranged, separated, or cut off from the covenant life or the relationship that God intends for humanity. It signifies an objective distance from God's favor and vital union.
hardness of heartπώρωσις
pōrōsis · Greek Noun
A spiritual or moral state of stubbornness and insensitivity toward the truth of God. It describes a heart that has become unresponsive to divine revelation and the conviction of the Spirit.
sensualityἀσέλγεια
aselgeia · Greek Noun
Unrestrained indulgence of bodily passions, often involving sexual immorality or a total lack of moral self-control. It is the lifestyle of those who follow their own sinful desires rather than God's law.
impurityἀκαθαρσία
akatharsia · Greek Noun
A state of moral uncleanness or ethical filthiness, particularly associated with immorality and that which is offensive to God's holiness. It represents the corrupted character of the fallen world.
ChristΧριστός
Christos · Greek Noun
In the New Testament, "learning Christ" is not merely acquiring information about Him, but entering into a life-transforming, personal relationship with Jesus as the Teacher and the very subject of one's imitation. It implies a change of allegiance and a new way of existing.
truthἀλήθεια
alētheia · Greek Noun
The objective reality of God’s nature, character, and redemptive work as revealed in Scripture, standing in direct opposition to the illusions and deception of the world. It is not merely correct information but a reality to be lived out.
put offἀποτίθημι
apotithēmi · Greek Verb
A metaphor for radical conversion and sanctification, signifying the permanent abandonment of the sinful identity, habits, and nature inherited from Adam and lived out before salvation. It represents the shedding of the 'old man' that is alienated from God.
corruptφθείρω
phtheirō · Greek Verb (Participle)
The inherent state of moral depravity and spiritual rot resulting from sin, leading inevitably to death and separation from the life of God. It characterizes the fallen condition of humanity.
deceitful desiresἐπιθυμία
epithumia · Greek Noun
Impulses, cravings, or passions that deceive, promising fulfillment but leading away from God into sin. They are fundamentally deceptive because they mask the destructive nature of sin.
be renewedἀνανεόω
ananeoo · Greek Verb
The ongoing process of spiritual transformation by the Holy Spirit, involving a change in the internal orientation, perspective, and faculties of the believer's understanding. It is a re-creation of the inner life toward the mind of Christ.
new selfκαινός ἄνθρωπος
kainos anthrōpos · Greek Noun phrase
The new identity imparted to the believer at conversion, characterized by a fundamental change of nature that reflects the character of Christ. It is a new 'person' or moral orientation shaped by the Holy Spirit.
likeness of Godὁμοιόω
homoiōsis · Greek Noun
Refers to the moral nature of God, which is the standard and goal for human character. It signifies that the believer is a new creation molded to mirror the divine attributes of justice and purity.
righteousnessδικαιοσύνη
dikaiosynē · Greek Noun
The state of moral rectitude, integrity, and uprightness in living, consistent with God's commands and character. It is the practical application of being right with God.
holinessὁσιότης
hosiotēs · Greek Noun
The state of being set apart for God’s exclusive use, resulting in purity of life and character. It reflects the sanctity of God’s own nature.
