Gentilesἔθνη
ethnē · Greek Noun
A term used by Jews to refer to non-Jewish nations, often signifying those outside the covenant community of God, though in the New Testament it refers to those now brought into the family of God through faith in Christ.
circumcisionπεριτομή
peritomē · Greek Noun
The act of cutting off the foreskin, serving as the sign of the covenant between God and Abraham; in this context, it refers to the physical mark of Jewish identity.
ChristΧριστός
Christos · Greek Noun
The Messiah; the Anointed One of God. He is the mediator between God and humanity and the source of salvation and reconciliation for both Jew and Gentile.
alienatedἀπηλλοτριωμένοι
apallotriothenēs · Greek Adjective/Participle
The status of being excluded from the community, rights, and covenantal benefits that God granted to His chosen people, Israel.
commonwealth of Israelπολιτεία
politeia · Greek Noun
The corporate identity of God’s people in the Old Testament, set apart by covenant, law, and the presence of God to represent Him to the world.
covenants of promiseδιαθῆκαι
diathēkai · Greek Noun
The sacred promises and legal agreements God made with humanity (such as with Abraham and Moses) that define His relationship with His people and reveal His plan of salvation.
blood of Christαἷμα
haima · Greek Noun
The death of Jesus Christ on the cross, which serves as the propitiatory sacrifice to satisfy God’s justice and purchase the redemption of His people.
peaceεἰρήνη
eirēnē · Greek Noun
The concept of reconciliation, harmony, and wholeness, fundamentally established by God through the work of Christ, restoring the broken relationship between God and humanity and between fellow believers.
hostilityἔχθρα
echthra · Greek Noun
The state of being fundamentally opposed to God and to one another; it is the spiritual and social consequence of sin that Christ overcomes through his sacrifice.
law of commandments expressed in ordinancesνόμος τῶν ἐντολῶν ἐν δόγμασιν
nomos tōn entolōn en dogmasin · Greek Noun phrase
The body of Mosaic laws, including ceremonial requirements, which functioned as a barrier between Jews and Gentiles but was fulfilled and rendered obsolete by Christ’s completed work.
one new manκαινὸς ἄνθρωπος
kainos anthrōpos · Greek Noun phrase
The transformation of the individual believer into a new creation through the indwelling presence of the Holy Spirit, forming a unified community that transcends previous divisions.
reconcileἀποκαταλλάσσῃ
apokatallassō · Greek Verb
To bring back into harmony, restore to favor, or mend a broken relationship, specifically between God and humanity or between estranged groups. It implies a change from a state of enmity to a state of peace through the intervention of a mediator.
crossσταυροῦ
stauros · Greek Noun
The instrument of Christ's death; a symbol of both the ultimate penalty for sin and the mechanism of divine atonement. It signifies the place where God's justice and love met, resulting in the justification of believers.
hostilityἔχθραν
echthra · Greek Noun
Deep-seated enmity, opposition, or antagonism. In a biblical context, it refers to the state of broken relationship caused by sin, whether between God and humans or between different groups of people.
peaceεἰρήνην
eirēnē · Greek Noun
A state of harmony, wholeness, or wellbeing, and the cessation of conflict. It is a gift of God rooted in the restoration of a right relationship with Him, which subsequently enables reconciliation among people.
accessπροσαγωγὴν
prosagōgē · Greek Noun
The freedom, privilege, or right to approach a superior or restricted place. Theologically, it describes the new standing believers have to enter God's presence directly through the work of Jesus Christ.
strangersξένοι
xenos · Greek Noun
One who is not a member of a group or community, lacking rights and belonging. In Scripture, it often refers to those outside the covenant community of Israel.
aliensπάροικοι
paroikos · Greek Noun
People who reside in a foreign land without the rights or status of full citizenship. It denotes being an outsider or a temporary resident within a society.
fellow citizensσυμπολῖται
sympolitēs · Greek Noun
Those who share equal rights, privileges, and duties within a kingdom or commonwealth. It signifies being a recognized member of God's kingdom with all the corresponding rights and identity.
saintsἁγίων
hagios · Greek Noun
Those who are 'holy' or 'set apart' for God's use. It refers to all believers who have been sanctified by God through faith in Christ and are consecrated to His service.
household of Godοἰκεῖοι
oikeios · Greek Noun
The community of faith viewed as a family unit where God is the Father. It emphasizes intimate relationship, shared life, and mutual belonging among all members of the body of Christ.
